There are many factors which influence the degree of compaction in the field. Some are compactor dependent and some depend on the soil being compacted. The factors which affect the degree of compaction are given below. 1. Type of soil Type of soil has a great influence on its compaction characteristics. Normally, heavy clays, clays … Read more
Objective For determination of specific gravity of soil solids by pycnometer method. Equipment & Apparatus Pycnometer Sieve(4.75 mm) Vacuum pump Oven Weighing balance Glass rod Preparation sample After receiving the soil sample it is dried in oven at a temperature of 105 to 1150C for a period of 16 to 24 hours. Procedure Dry the … Read more
Compaction should not be confused with consolidation. At the end of the consolidation and/or compaction process, a closer packing of soil grains results, which leads to increased shear strength and decreased compressibility and permeability. Difference Between Compaction and Consolidation Soil Compaction It is a dynamic process Compaction is almost instantaneous Densification is due to reduction … Read more
Atterberg Limits of Soil The term Atterberg limits is named as per the Swedish agriculturist Albert Atterberg. When water is added into a soil mass, it changes its state from solid to liquid. He divided the entire range from solid to liquid into four stages: The solid state The semi-solid state The plastic state The … Read more
There are some field tests that can be carried out in the field in order to check the quality of sand used for construction. Following tests may be carried out to ascertain the properties of sand: Field Test on Sand Take a glass of water and add some quantity of sand in it. Then shake … Read more
California Bearing Ratio or CBR test is the ratio of the force per unit area required to penetrate a soil mass with a standard circular piston of 50 mm dia, at the rate of 1.25 mm/min to that of force required to penetrate sample of compacted stone having CBR of 100%. The standard load corresponding … Read more
Quicksand Quicksand is a condition and not a soil type. This condition is created in saturated thick layers of loose fine sandy soils when disturbed either due to vibration, such as, from pile driving in the neighborhood, or due to pressure of flowing water (at the time of heavy pumping in excavation). The particles, in … Read more
The properties of a soil mixture are influenced more by variation in moisture content than by any other cause. Saturated soils are improved in strength by drainage and dry soils lose strength by saturation. A water logged ground is undesirable because of its low bearing capacity. Effect on Fine Grained Soil Fine grained (clayey) soils … Read more
Objective To determine moisture content and dry density relationship using heavy compaction or modified compaction method as per IS-2720-Part-8. Apparatus • Metal mould (volume = 1000 cm3) • Balance (capacity = 10 kg, least count = 1g) • Oven (105 to 1100C) • Sieve (19 mm) • Metal rammer (weight = 4.9 kg) Procedure Dry … Read more
Objective Determination of CBR of soil either in undisturbed or Remoulded condition Reference Standards IS: 2720(Part 16)-1973- Methods of test for soils: Laboratory determination of CBR. Equipments / Apparatus Compression machine Proving ring, Dial gauge, Timer Sampling tube Split mould Vernier caliper, Balance Preparation sample The test may be performed (a) On undisturbed soil specimen … Read more