What is Standard Deviation?
When repeated measurements give different results, we want to know how widely spread the readings are. The spread of values tells us something about the uncertainty of a measurement. By knowing how large this spread is, we can begin to judge the quality of the measurement or set of measurements.
The usual way to quantify spread is standard deviation. The standard deviation of a set of numbers tells us about how different the individual readings typically are from the average of the set.
Mathematically standard deviation is stated as, the root mean square deviation of all the result. This is denoted by σ.
Standard deviation will be less if the quality control at site is better and most of the test results will be clustered mere the mean value. If quality control is poor, the test results will have much different from mean value and therefore, standard deviation will be higher.
Example of Calculation of Standard Deviation For a Set of 20 Concrete Cube Test Results
| Sample Number | Crushing Strength (x)MPa | Average Strengthμ=∑x/n | Deviation(x-μ) | Square of Deviation(x-μ)2 |
| 1 | 43 | 40.2 | +2.8 | 7.84 |
| 2 | 48 | +7.8 | 60.84 | |
| 3 | 40 | -0.2 | 0.04 | |
| 4 | 38 | -2.2 | 4.84 | |
| 5 | 36 | -4.2 | 16.64 | |
| 6 | 39 | -1.2 | 1.44 | |
| 7 | 42 | +1.8 | 3.24 | |
| 8 | 45 | +4.8 | 23.04 | |
| 9 | 37 | -3.2 | 10.24 | |
| 10 | 35 | -5.2 | 27.04 | |
| 11 | 39 | -1.2 | 1.44 | |
| 12 | 41 | +0.8 | 0.64 | |
| 13 | 49 | +8.8 | 77.44 | |
| 14 | 46 | +5.8 | 33.64 | |
| 15 | 36 | -4.2 | 16.64 | |
| 16 | 38 | -2.2 | 4.84 | |
| 17 | 32 | -8.2 | 67.24 | |
| 18 | 39 | -1.2 | 1.44 | |
| 19 | 41 | +0.8 | 0.64 | |
| 20 | 40 | -0.2 | 0.04 | |
| Total=804 | Total=359.20 | |||
Average Strength, μ = 804/20 = 40.2 MPa
Standard deviation = √[359.2/ (n-1)] = √(359.2/19) = 4.34 MPa
Where, n = Total number of samples
Coefficient of Variation = (Standard deviation/Average strength)*100
= (4.34/40.2)*100
= 10.80
So in Target Mean Strength=fck + 1.65 S we must use whether S=4.34 or S=10.8 ??? Pls .
Why is code takes average of 4 consecutive samples in acceptance criteria
Minimum 30 samples should be taken as per is456
Use of coefficient of variation.
Here the sample u represented is the avg of three specimen or is it the specimen itself..?
Thanks Good information with calculations but what is the conclusion we received 10.80 so what is the real result for it. Is it ok if i have a M-40 grade than what go do as per is 456 s.d is 5.
Good information with calculations but what is the conclusion we received 10.80 so what is the real result for it. Is it ok if i have a M-40 grade than what go do as per is 456 s.d is 5.
How the value 359.2 came
SUM of square of derivations
the sum wi more likely to be 361.2 rather than 359.2, isn’t it?
plz can you help me by providing the Standard deviation paramaeter for various Grade of Concrete in Mix design
PLEASE LET ME KNOW WHICH SAMPLES WILL BE REMOVED AND THESE SAMPLES ACCEPTED OR NOT
good site for information and learning
please tell me IS code for statical approach IS code for concrete standard deviation
in notes of “Table 11 Characteristic Compressive Strength Compliance Requirement
(Clauses 16.1 and 16.3)” of IS-456 2000, given as “the mean of test results of all such samples shall be je!< + 4 N/mm2"
i want to know if the "test results" mean average value of standard 3 nos of cubes or individual cubes.
As per clause 15.4 of IS:456, test result means average of the strength of 3 test specimens.
i want to know the background for acceptance criteria of concrete why 4 nos of samples consecutive samples are considered
It’s not 4…it is avg of 3 specimen
What is standard deviation & detailed producers
Which no of sample collect to standard deviation result