Errors in Chain Surveying Every measurement made with a mechanical device is subject to any error that could possibly be caused by the condition of the device or
QUALITY CONTROL OF READY MIX CONCRETE Quality control of ready-mixed concrete may be divided into three components, 1. Forward control, 2. Immediate control and 3. Retrospective control. FORWARD
TIPS ON INCREASING REPETITION VALUE TO PLYWOOD There are many reasons to use plywood as a concrete shuttering materials. Out of those reasons one reason is it’s reuse
What Is The Effect of Tree Roots on Building? Fast growing trees close to buildings can cause unequal settlement when active tree roots dry out the soil causing
WEATHERING OF ROCK MASS ‘Weathering is the process of alteration and breakdown of rock and soil materials at and near the Earth’s surface by chemical decomposition and physical
WEIGHT VOLUME RELATIONSHIP OF SOIL The physical properties of a soil give insight as to the identification of the soil and the determination of its characteristics and load
PROPERTIES OF HARDENED CONCRETE The following are the properties of concrete in its hardened state, used by the designer during design process of reinforced concrete structure. 1. Compressive
Design Procedures for a Building Foundation (Step by Step) Good design must not only be safe but must aim to save construction costs, time and materials. The following
PRACTICAL PROBLEMS TO KEEP IN MIND BEFORE FOUNDATION DESIGN There are, in foundation design, a number of practical construction problems and costs to be considered. The chief ones
