BRICKWORK CHECK LIST FOR SITE ENGINEERS While on site, a site engineer must ensure that the brickwork is going on as per quality requirements. Some of the general
Compounds of Cement About 90-95% of a Portland cement is comprised of the four main cement minerals, which are C3S, C2S, C3A, and C4AF, with the remainder consisting
REQUIREMENTS OF FORMWORK – QUALITY, SAFETY & ECONOMY In the selection of materials for formwork, the three general principles of quality, safety and economy must be paramount. Material
Properties of Mortar Properties of mortar which are sought for use in masonry are: workability, water retentivity, rate of stiffening, strength, resistance to rain penetration and durability. These
TYPES OF DEFECTS IN TIMBER Types of Defects in timber are grouped into the following divisions. 1. Defects due to conversion During the process of converting timber to
1. Pig Iron The crude impure iron, which is extracted from iron ores, is known as pig-iron and it forms the basic material for the manufacture of cast-iron,
TYPES OF LOADS External loads on a structure may be classified in several different ways. In one classification, they may be considered as static or dynamic. Static loads
Why Beam-Column Joints are Special In RC buildings, portions of columns that are common to beams at their intersections are called beam-column joints (Figure 1). Since their constituent
PLASTERING Applying mortar coats on the surfaces of walls, columns, ceiling etc. to get smooth finish is termed as plastering. Mortar used for plastering may be lime mortar,
THE COMMON TYPES OF PLASTIC Different types of plastics that are used in construction industry are described below. 1. Polyethylene Plastic (PE) Polyethylene plastic is made from the
