Suryakanta The international Bureau of Weights and Measures serve as a depository for the primary international standards and as a laboratory for certification and inter comparison of national standard copies. It is based in Sevres, France. In 1960, the SI system was built upon the metre-kilogram-second system, which has seven basic units. They are: Metre: (Unit … Read more
Steps Involved in Brick Manufacturing Manufacturing of bricks consists of the following 4 operations or steps. Preparation of brick clay or brick earth Moulding of bricks Air drying of bricks Burning of bricks 1. Preparation of brick clay or brick earth In this step the soil is excavated in steps and then laid on leveled … Read more
As per IS-2911-Part1 / Sec-2, the ultimate load carrying capacity (Qu) of pile in cohesive soils is given by the given below, where the first term represents the end bearing resistance(Qb) and the second term gives the skin friction resistance(Qs). Where, Qu = Utimate load capacity, kN Ap = Cross-sectional area of pile tip, … Read more
Piles can either be driven into the ground (driven piles) or be installed in a predrilled hole (bored piles or drilled shafts). The construction of bore cast in situ concrete pile consists of 4 primary phases 1.Pile boring, 2.Reinforcement cage lowering, 3.Flushing 4.Pile concreting. Now we will discuss each phase one by one. 1. Pile … Read more
As per IS-2911-Part1/sec2, the ultimate load carrying capacity of pile, Qu, consists of two parts. One part is due to friction, called skin friction or shaft friction or side shear, Qs and the other is due to end bearing at the base or tip of the pile toe, Qb. The equation given below is used … Read more
The volume increase of fine aggregate due to presence of moisture content is known as bulking. Fine sand bulks more as compared to coarse sand. Extremely fine sand particularly the manufactured fine aggregate bulks as much as about 40%. Note: Fine aggregate do not show any bulking when it is absolutely dry or completely saturated. … Read more
On Site Identification of Silt & Clay The distinction between silt & clay cannot be based on particle size because the significant physical properties of the two materials are related only indirectly to the size of particles. Furthermore, since both are microscopic, physical properties other than particle size must be used as criteria for field … Read more
Soil in an engineering sense is a relatively loose agglomerate of mineral and organic materials and sediments found above bedrock. Texturally the soil is divided into two primary groups. Coarse grained soil Fine grained soil The behavior of coarse grained soil is different from fine grained soil. The method of describing coarse grained soil is … Read more
Guidelines on Storing of Cement on Site In large work or in major construction works, cement is generally stored at site. The cement must be stored in such a manner so that, it can be easily accessible for proper inspection. The building in which cement is stored should be water tight in order to prevent … Read more
Factors Affecting Field Compaction of Soil There are many factors which influence the degree of compaction in the field. Some are compactor dependent and some depend on the soil being compacted. The factors which affect the degree of compaction are given below. 1. Type of soil Type of soil has a great influence on its … Read more