Phase problems are very important in soil engineering. Below are given most commonly used formulas to solve problems related to weight volume calculations. The notations used in these formulas are as follows, γb = Bulk density of soil mass γw = Density of water γsat = Saturated density γsub = Submerged density G = … Read more
As per IS-2911-Part1 / Sec-2, the ultimate load carrying capacity (Qu) of pile in cohesive soils is given by the given below, where the first term represents the end bearing resistance(Qb) and the second term gives the skin friction resistance(Qs). Where, Qu = Utimate load capacity, kN Ap = Cross-sectional area of pile tip, … Read more
Piles can either be driven into the ground (driven piles) or be installed in a predrilled hole (bored piles or drilled shafts). The construction of bore cast in situ concrete pile consists of 4 primary phases 1.Pile boring, 2.Reinforcement cage lowering, 3.Flushing 4.Pile concreting. Now we will discuss each phase one by one. 1. Pile … Read more
As per IS-2911-Part1/sec2, the ultimate load carrying capacity of pile, Qu, consists of two parts. One part is due to friction, called skin friction or shaft friction or side shear, Qs and the other is due to end bearing at the base or tip of the pile toe, Qb. The equation given below is used … Read more
On Site Identification of Silt & Clay The distinction between silt & clay cannot be based on particle size because the significant physical properties of the two materials are related only indirectly to the size of particles. Furthermore, since both are microscopic, physical properties other than particle size must be used as criteria for field … Read more
Soil in an engineering sense is a relatively loose agglomerate of mineral and organic materials and sediments found above bedrock. Texturally the soil is divided into two primary groups. Coarse grained soil Fine grained soil The behavior of coarse grained soil is different from fine grained soil. The method of describing coarse grained soil is … Read more
Factors Affecting Field Compaction of Soil There are many factors which influence the degree of compaction in the field. Some are compactor dependent and some depend on the soil being compacted. The factors which affect the degree of compaction are given below. 1. Type of soil Type of soil has a great influence on its … Read more
The bentonite powder and bentonite suspension used for pilling work shall satisfy the following requirements: The liquid limit of bentonite when tested in accordance with IS 2720 (Part 5) shall be 400 percent or more. The bentonite suspension shall be made by mixing it with fresh water using a pump for circulation. The density of … Read more
Blow counts are affected by operational procedures, by the presence of gravel, or cementation. They do not reflect fractures or slickensides in clay, which may be very important to strength characteristics. The standard penetration test results (N values) are influenced by operational procedures as given in the following table. No. Procedure Its Affect 1. Inadequate … Read more
Even though plate load tests are very commonly used, they do not represent the behavior of prototype foundations totally for the following reasons: The zone of influence for prototype foundation is larger and deeper than for small size plate. Thus, in stratified soil deposits the soils at greater depths will have a significant influence on … Read more
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