No single stone can satisfy all the below mentioned quality requirements. For example, strength and durability requirement contradicts ease of dressing requirement. Hence it is necessary that site engineer looks into the properties required for the intended work and selects the stone accordingly. Requirements of Good Building Stones The following are the quality requirements of … Read more
On earth retaining structures such as retaining wall, sheet piles, etc, the back fill retained mass of soil, exerts lateral pressure known as earth pressure. If the positions of the back fill lies above a horizontal plane at the elevation of the top of the structure, it is called surcharge. The inclination of the surcharge … Read more
Engineering & Physical Properties of Stones The following are the engineering and physical properties of the stones that should be looked into before selecting them for engineering works: 1. Structure The structure of the stone may be stratified (layered) or unstratified. Structured stones should be easily dressed and suitable for super structure. Unstratified stones are … Read more
Components Contributing Settlement of Soil Total settlement ρ in mm, which is the response of stress applied to the soil, may be calculated as the sum of three components ρ = ρi + ρc + ρs Where, ρ = Total settlement, mm ρi = Immediate or distortion settlement, mm ρc = Primary consolidation settlement, mm … Read more
Piles are structural members that are made of steel, concrete, or timber. They are used to build pile foundations, which are deep and which cost more than shallow foundations. Despite the cost, the use of piles often is necessary to ensure structural safety. The following list identifies some of the conditions that require pile foundations: … Read more
Design Considerations for Pile Foundation The pile foundation analysis is based upon several simplifying assumptions which affect the accuracy of the results. The computed results must always be reviewed with engineering judgement by the design engineer to assure that the values are reasonable. Also, the analysis results should be compared with load test results. The … Read more
Pile Classification Based On Construction Method On the basis of method of installation pile foundations can be divided into the following 6 types. Precast Driven Piles Driven Cast-in-situ Piles Bored Cast-in-situ Piles Bored Precast Piles Driven Steel Piles Driven Timber Piles 1. Precast Driven Piles These are usually of RCC or pre-stressed concrete and generally … Read more
Precast Concrete Piles – Advantages & Disadvantages Precast concrete piles are cast, cured and stored in a yard before they are installed in the field mostly by driving. Advantages of Precast Concrete Piles Reinforcement used in the pile is not liable to change its place or get disturbed The defects in pile can be easily … Read more
Advantages and Disadvantages of Drilled Pier Foundations Advantages Pier of any length and size can be constructed at the site. Construction equipment is normally mobile and construction can proceed rapidly. Inspection of drilled holes is possible because of the larger diameter of the shafts. Very large loads can be carried by a single drilled pier … Read more
Drilled Pier Foundation Drilled pier foundations belong to the same category as pile foundations. No sharp deviations can be made between piers and piles because both of them serve similar purpose. The distinctions are based on the method of installation. A pile is installed by driving, whereas a pier is installed by excavating. Thus, a … Read more