A stair is a series of steps arranged in such a manner as to connect different floors of a building. Stairs are designed to provide an easy and quick access to the different floors.
A staircase is an enclosure which contains the complete stairway.
Terminologies Used During Staircase Design
A few technical terms generally used for the design of staircases are given below.
1. Step
This is a portion of stair which permits ascending or descending from one floor to another. It is composed of a tread and a riser. A stair is composed of a set of steps.
2. Tread
It is the upper horizontal portion of a step upon which the foot is placed while ascending or descending a stairway.
3. Riser
It is the vertical portion of a step providing a support to the tread.
4. Rise
It is the vertical distance between two successive tread faces.
5. Flight
It is a series of steps without any platform or landing or break in their direction.
6. Landing
This is a platform provided between two flights. A landing extending to full width of staircase is known as half spaced landing and the space extending only half across a staircase is called a quarter space landing. A landing facilitates change of direction and provides an opportunity for taking rest during the use of the stair.
7. Going
It is the horizontal distance between two successive riser faces.
8. Nosing
This is the outer projecting edge of a tread. This is generally made rounded to give more pleasing appearance and makes the staircase easy to navigate.
9. Winders
They are tapering steps used for changing the direction of a stair.
10. Scotia
It is a moulding provided under the nosing to improve the elevation of the step, and to provide strength to nosing.
11. Soffit
It is the underside of a stair.
12. Line of Nosing
It is an imaginary line parallel to the strings and tangential to the nosings. It is useful in the construction of hand rails, giving the line with which the under surface of the hand rail should coincide.
13. Pitch or Slope
It is angle which the line of nosing of the stair makes with the horizontal.
14. Strings or Stringers
These are the sloping members which support the steps in a stair. They run along the slope of the stair.
15. Newel Post
Newel post is a vertical member which is placed at the ends of flights to connect the ends of strings and hand rail.
16. Baluster
It is a vertical member of wood or metal, supporting the hand rails.
17. Balustrade
The combined framework of handrail and baluster is known as balustrade. This provides protection for the user of the stair.
18. Hand Rail
It is a rounded or moulded member of wood or metal following generally the contour of the nosing line, and fixed on the top of balusters.
19. Head Room
It is the minimum clear vertical distance between the tread and overhead structure (i.e. ceiling etc)
20. Run
It is the total length of stair in a horizontal plane, including landings.
21. Header
It is the horizontal structural member supporting stair stringers or landings.
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Thanks for posting this helpful blog, We can provide Iron Stair Construction Ideas The staircase is an important component of a building, providing access to different iron stairs for the roof and floors of the building
In slabs of moderate thicknesses 0.90times of total cubic content of concrete incurred.
In beams it is 1.10 times of the same.
In columns however it is comparatively higher due to dense steel provided against
less x-sectional area of concrete.
After I. S. 456 modifications may have introduced but practically it is within laid parameters.
Journals publishing concrete technology can be helpful and can be because it is purely my knowledge imparted to me through my little study and practical work l have gone through.
sir please update the thumb rules for percentage of steel required for different structure like beam,column,walls,slab etc