Errors in Chain Surveying Every measurement made with a mechanical device is subject to any error that could possibly be caused by the condition of the device or
Bulking of Sand – What, Why & How? After watching this video you will be able to answer following questions. What is bulking of sand? Why bulking happens?
Surface Index of Aggregates Surface index of aggregates is another way to represent the specific surface of aggregate. This method was suggested by Murdock. Murdock provided some empirical
A contour line is an imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation. Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of
Plastic shrinkage cracking (as shown below) is caused by rapid drying of the concrete surface. They can occur at any time of the year, from cooler low-humidity weather
Objective To determine the Flexural Strength of Concrete, which comes into play when a road slab with inadequate sub-grade support is subjected to wheel loads and / or
Aim To determine the relative density or density index of cohesionless soil Theory Relative density is also known as density index. It is defined as the ratio of
