Suryakanta The properties of a soil mixture are influenced more by variation in moisture content than by any other cause. Saturated soils are improved in strength by drainage and dry soils lose strength by saturation. A water logged ground is undesirable because of its low bearing capacity. Effect on Fine Grained Soil Fine grained (clayey) soils … Read more
Objective To determine moisture content and dry density relationship using heavy compaction or modified compaction method as per IS-2720-Part-8. Apparatus • Metal mould (volume = 1000 cm3) • Balance (capacity = 10 kg, least count = 1g) • Oven (105 to 1100C) • Sieve (19 mm) • Metal rammer (weight = 4.9 kg) Procedure Dry … Read more
Objective Determination of initial and final setting time of concrete as per IS-8142-1976. Apparatus • Non absorptive metal container having minimum lateral dimension of 150 mm and minimum depth of 150 mm. • Penetration resistance apparatus having a pressure gauge of capacity 700 to 900 N. Removable needles of 645, 323, 161, 65, 32 & … Read more
To get better efficiency, the sequence of charging the loading skip is as under 1. First place half the quantity of coarse aggregate in the skip. 2. Place half the quantity of fine aggregate over the previously placed coarse aggregate. 3. Then pour full quantity of cement (i.e. one bag of cement) over it. 4. … Read more
For preparation of special products like precast concrete membranes, some special compaction methods are used, such as • Vibropressing • Shock • Centrifugation • Air jets Vibropressing Compacting in this method is effected by applying external pressure on top and vibrating from bottom. Table vibrators are usually made use of in this process. This process … Read more
The following properties of aggregate affect the properties of hardened concrete. 1. Grading Aggregate grading has no significant effect on the properties of hardened concrete. 2. Bulk Density This has no direct effect but has an indirect effect on drying shrinkage. Bulk density is an indicator of packing capacity, which influences water requirement, which in … Read more
Grading In case of sands, it has been found that materials having a large deficiency or excess of any size fraction adversely affect the workability of concrete. The most important size fraction in a concrete sand are those passing the 0.30, 0.15 and 0.075 mm sieves. If these fractions are too low the concrete tends … Read more
What is a Poker Vibrator? A poker vibrator consist of an electric weight encased in a housing and may be driven by an electric or pneumatic motor or a petrol or diesel engine. Poker diameters range from 25 to 75 mm. How To Use Poker Vibrator? A poker vibrator should be used as follows Insert … Read more
Objective To determine quantity of silt in fine aggregates in the field Theory There are two types of harmful substances preset in fine aggregates i.e. organic matter produced by decay of vegetable matter and/or clay and silt, which form coating thus preventing a good bond between cement and the aggregates. If present in large quantities, … Read more
What is Contraction Joints ? Contraction joints are planes, usually vertical separating concrete in a structure or a pavement placed at a designed location. Contraction joint is placed in such a way that it interferes least with the performance of the structure as well as prevents formation of objectionable shrinkage cracks elsewhere in concrete. Why … Read more