Test for Bitumen Emulsion: Viscosity by Saybolt Furol Viscometer Purpose Viscosity indicates the resistance to flow due to its internal friction. Higher the viscosity, lower the rate of flow. The test is conducted to see if it is in the specified range. The Test result is expressed in seconds for the flow of 60 cc … Read more
Measurement of Density of Soil in place by Nuclear Density Gauge Purpose This is a quick method of determining the in-situ density of soil which is based on the radiation. Equipment For this test special equipment which measures in place density using gamma radiation is used. Gauge usually contains a small gamma source (about 10 … Read more
Water Content Test of Soil by Alcohol Method Purpose It is a rapid method of determining the moisture content. Though less accurate, it is more suitable as a field test. The method shall not be used if the soil contains a large proportion of clay, gypsum, calcareous matter or organic matter. Apparatus Evaporating Dish– 10 … Read more
Moisture Content Determination Using Rapid Moisture Meter Purpose The purpose of this test is to determine the moisture content of soil quickly, without having to wait for the moisture to evaporate. Soil Specimen This test requires about 6 g of soil sample. Sand requires no special preparation. Coarse powders may be ground and pulverized. Cohesive … Read more
Soil Test to Find Organic Matter Content in Soil Purpose Deleterious contents of soil such as organic matter affect its characteristics and behavior adversely and must therefore be within 2%. Procedure Take an air dried sample of soil and determine its moisture content. Using another sample, produce about 100 g of soil passing the 10 … Read more
Determination of Soluble Sulphate Content Purpose Sodium sulphate is present in some soils. The salt is easily hydrated and dehydrated under the influence of climatic changes. There are enormous volume changes during this process of hydration and dehydration, which influence the engineering properties of soils. Procedure Take the soil sample in a state in which … Read more
Test to Check Total Calcium Oxide in Lime Purpose The lime should have a purity of at least 70% by weight of CaO when tested as follows: Procedure Take one gram of powdered lime, accurately weighed, in a platinum crucible. Place it in an oven maintained at 105 + 20C until, on cooling and weighing, … Read more
Brick Manufacturing process Bricks are among the oldest and most enduring of mankind’s building materials. Bricks are made by shaping a plastic mass of clay and water, which is then hardened by drying and firing. Until comparatively recent times the clay was dug, the bricks were made and the kilns set or drawn by manual … Read more
Methods of Aggregate Sampling Due to the various sampling locations and the availability of equipment, there are several methods of taking aggregate samples. Uniformity of obtaining the sample cannot be emphasized enough, since it eliminates one variable in test results. The technician must remember that safety comes first. 1. PRODUCTION SAMPLING Bin Sample Sampling the … Read more
Aging of Bitumen Binders Bitumen, like any organic matter, is affected by factors like presence of oxygen, ultraviolet rays and changes in temperature. These factors are responsible for hardening of bitumen. Hardening results in Decrease in penetration value Increase in softening point temperature and Increase in penetration index (PI). For increased life of bituminous pavement … Read more