WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF CONCRETE?

Effect of hot and cold weather on concrete

Advantages of Concrete The following are the advantages of concrete Concrete ingredients are easily available. Concrete can be easily handles and moulded to any desired shape. Concrete can be easily transported from the place of mixing to place of casting before initial set takes place. Concrete can be pumped or sprayed to fill into cracks … Read more

WHAT ARE THE BASIC COMPONENTS OF PAINTS?

Components of paints

Basic Components of Paints Paint is a very complex material consisting of many components. Modern paints can have ten to twenty components, each responsible to give a specific quality to the paint. However, basically all paints consist of the following five components. 1. Base Pigment White lead, red lead, aluminium powder, etc were the pigments … Read more

HOW TO CLASSIFY TIMBER ON THE BASIS OF GRADING? (IS-6534-1971)

how to classify timber

Timber Classification The terms timber and wood are often used synonymously, but they have distinct meanings in the building industry. Wood is the hard, fibrous material that makes up the tree under the bark, whereas timber may be defined as a wood which retains its natural physical structure and chemical composition and is suitable for … Read more

RESIDUE OF BITUMEN EMULSION ON 600 MICRON SIEVE (IS-8887-2004)

BITUMEN EMULSION TEST - RESIDUE ON 600 MICRON SIEVE

Determination of Residue of Bitumen Emulsion Purpose This test is done for the determination of residue of bituminous emulsion by sieving through 600-micron is sieve. Apparatus 600 Micron IS Sieve — A circular sieve approximately 100 mm in diameter and 40 mm height. Metal or Glass Dish — A small metal or glass dish about … Read more

DETERMINATION OF LIME REACTIVITY OF POZZOLANIC MATERIAL (IS-1727-1967)

lime reactivity of fly ash

Lime Reactivity Test Purpose This method of test covers the procedure for determining the reactivity of the pozzolanic material (such as fly ash) with hydrated lime, as represented by compressive strength of standard mortar test cubes prepared and tested under specific conditions. Size and Number of Test Specimens The tests specimen shall be 50 mm … Read more

DETERMINATION OF BITUMEN CONTENT IN THE BITUMINOUS MIX

Centrifuge apparatus used for binder content test of bituminous mix

Bitumen Content Test of a Bituminous Mix Purpose The test determines the bitumen content in the bituminous mix by cold solvent extraction. Apparatus & Solvent Centrifuge apparatus Trichloroethylene Procedure Take a representative sample of about 500 g, weigh it exactly and place it in the bowl of the extraction apparatus (W1). Cover the sample with … Read more

VISCOSITY TEST OF BITUMEN EMULSION BY SAYBOLT FUROL VISCOMETR (IS-3117-2004)

Saybolt Furol Viscometer - used for viscosity test of bitumen emulsion

Test for Bitumen Emulsion: Viscosity by Saybolt Furol Viscometer Purpose Viscosity indicates the resistance to flow due to its internal friction. Higher the viscosity, lower the rate of flow. The test is conducted to see if it is in the specified range. The Test result is expressed in seconds for the flow of 60 cc … Read more

HOW TO MEASURE FIELD DENSITY OF SOIL USING NUCLEAR DENSITY GAUGE?

NUCLEAR DENSITY GAUGE

Measurement of Density of Soil in place by Nuclear Density Gauge Purpose This is a quick method of determining the in-situ density of soil which is based on the radiation. Equipment For this test special equipment which measures in place density using gamma radiation is used. Gauge usually contains a small gamma source (about 10 … Read more

HOW TO DETERMINE WATER CONTENT OF SOIL ON SITE USING ALCOHOL METHOD? (IS-2720-PART-2)

methylated spirit (alcohol) used for on site determination of water content of soil

Water Content Test of Soil by Alcohol Method Purpose It is a rapid method of determining the moisture content. Though less accurate, it is more suitable as a field test. The method shall not be used if the soil contains a large proportion of clay, gypsum, calcareous matter or organic matter. Apparatus Evaporating Dish– 10 … Read more

DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE CONTENT BY THE REACTION OF CALCIUM CARBIDE WITH THE FREE WATER OF THE SOIL (IS: 2720-PART-2)

Rapid Moisture Meter (Used for Water Content Test of Soil)

Moisture Content Determination Using Rapid Moisture Meter Purpose The purpose of this test is to determine the moisture content of soil quickly, without having to wait for the moisture to evaporate. Soil Specimen This test requires about 6 g of soil sample. Sand requires no special preparation. Coarse powders may be ground and pulverized. Cohesive … Read more