Errors in Chain Surveying Every measurement made with a mechanical device is subject to any error that could possibly be caused by the condition of the device or by the procedure used in taking the measurement. Some of the more common sources of errors are the standards to which the chain was manufactured, any damage … Read more
Factors Affecting Quality of Topographic Survey Topographic surveyors perform most of their operational duties away from the parent unit. Topographic surveying involves fieldwork over a project area. Survey fieldwork consists of making observations and measurements; recording data; and returning the data to a computer and/or draftsman for computation, compilation, and dissemination. Surveyors must overcome many … Read more
A contour line is an imaginary line which connects points of equal elevation. Such lines are drawn on the plan of an area after establishing reduced levels of several points in the area. The contour lines in an area are drawn keeping difference in elevation of between two consecutive lines constant. Characteristics of Contours The … Read more