Lab Tests on Bitumen to Check Quality Various tests are conducted on bitumen to assess its consistency, gradation, viscosity, temperature susceptibility, and safety. There are a number of tests to assess the properties of bituminous materials. The following tests are usually conducted to evaluate different properties of bituminous materials. Penetration test Ductility test Softening point … Read more
Dry Mix Design or Aggregate Blending The objective of dry mix design is to determine the amount of various sizes of mineral aggregates to use to get a mix of maximum density. The dry mix design involves three important steps, viz. Selection of aggregates, Aggregates gradation, and Proportion of aggregates, 1. Selection of Aggregates The … Read more
Pavements form the basic supporting structure in highway transportation. Each layer of pavement has a multitude of functions to perform which has to be duly considered during the design process. Different types of pavements can be adopted depending upon the traffic requirements. Improper design of pavements leads to early failure of pavements affecting the riding … Read more
Cross Sectional Elements of A Pavement The characteristics of cross-sectional elements are important in highway geometric design because they influence the safety and comfort. The 7 basic cross sectional elements of a highway pavement are Camber Width of Carriage way Kerb Road Margin Width of Formation Right of Way (ROW) 1.Camber Camber or cant is … Read more
Pavement Surface Characteristics For safe and comfortable driving four aspects of the pavement surface are important; The friction between the wheels and the pavement surface, Unevenness of the road surface, The light reflection characteristics of the top of pavement surface, and Drainage to water. 1.Friction Friction between the wheel and the pavement surface is a … Read more
Boring Methods of Exploration The boring methods are used for exploration at greater depths where direct methods fail. These provide both disturbed as well as undisturbed samples depending upon the method of boring. In selecting the boring method for a particular job, consideration should be made for the following: The materials to be encountered … Read more
Selection of Hill Road Alignment The main factors to be considered while deciding the alignment of hill roads, are given below. 1.Length The cost of construction of a hill road per kilometer length is comparatively very high. It should therefore be ensured that length of the road connecting two stations should be minimum possible, adopting … Read more
Selection of Material for D.P.C. Any materials to be used as D.P.C must possess following properties. They should be impervious strong and durable to register loads dimensional is stable free from Salt Lake sulfates chlorides and nitrates There are commonly 4 types of materials that can be used at DPC Flexible material (Bitumen felts, plastic … Read more
Dampness in Building Dampness in building is one of the important aspects to consider during building design. Because if neglected, it will affect the building structure adversely and will create unhygienic condition for the persons living in that building. 3 Primary Causes of Dampness in Building Penetration of water into the building components (such as … Read more
Types of Retaining Structure From the point of view of the source from which the retaining structure derives its stability, we have basically two types of retaining structures, viz., the gravity and the non-gravity types. The gravity type structures are normally ‘rigid’ and the non-gravity type, ‘flexible’. The gravity type of retaining structure derives its … Read more