Many factors operate singly or in combination to influence the amounts of water consumed by plants. Their effects are not necessarily constant, but the factors may differ with locality and water consumption may fluctuate from year to year. Some effects involve the human factor; others are related to the natural influences of the environment and … Read more
Consumptive Use of Water Consumptive use of water by a crop is the depth of water consumed by the plant in the process of transpiration and evaporation, during crop growth. Transpiration is the process of water entering the plant roots and used to build plant tissue. Evaporation is the process of water evaporating from the … Read more
Purpose Water retentivity of mortar is the ability of mortars to retain water against suction and evaporation in general. It is indirectly a measure of the workability of mortars. Apparatus The apparatus used for this test consists of a water aspirator or other source of vacuum controlled by way of a three way stopcock to … Read more
Objective Determination of water absorption and bulk density of all ceramic tiles Apparatus Oven – capable of maintaining temp of about 1100c Balance – accurate to 0.01% of the mass of test specimen Water bath Desiccators Chamois leather Wire basket Preparation of Test Sample A test sample consists of 10 numbers of whole tiles. If … Read more
The following are the differences between bitumens and tars. The weathering properties of bitumens are superior to those of tars. Generally greater deterioration is produced in tar than in bitumen when exposed to equal weather conditions. Bitumens have a better durability and resistance to weathering than tars. Tars are more susceptible to temperature changes than … Read more
There are a number of factors which are to be considered while selecting the alignment of roads. These factors also vary according to the type of roads and the areas through which these roads pass. The factors which control alignment of roads in plain areas as under: 1. Class & Purpose The alignment of the … Read more
The below mentioned terminologies are used to express different forms of cut bricks used in brick masonry construction. 1. Closer It is the portion of the brick cut along the length in such a way as one long face remains intact. 2. Queen Closer When a brick is cut along its length, making it two … Read more
What is a Shear Wall Building? Reinforced concrete (RC) buildings often have vertical plate-like RC walls called Shear Walls (Figure 1) in addition to slabs, beams and columns. These walls generally start at foundation level and are continuous throughout the building height. Their thickness can be as low as 150mm, or as high as 400mm … Read more
Objective Determination of modulus of rupture and breaking strength of a whole tile by means of three point loading, the central point being in contact with the glazed surface of the tile. Apparatus Drying oven having capacity of 110±50C Recording gauge – Accurate to 2% Two support cylindrical rods – These rods are made up … Read more
A potable water is one that is safe to drink, pleasant to taste and usable for domestic purposes. Contaminated water is one that contains the bacteria which causes diseases. Polluted water is one that contains substances which are undesirable or unfit for drinking or domestic use. Drinking water must be free from: Disease producing organisms … Read more
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