Pavement Surface Characteristics For safe and comfortable driving four aspects of the pavement surface are important; The friction between the wheels and the pavement surface, Unevenness of the road surface, The light reflection characteristics of the top of pavement surface, and Drainage to water. 1.Friction Friction between the wheel and the pavement surface is a … Read more
Selection of Hill Road Alignment The main factors to be considered while deciding the alignment of hill roads, are given below. 1.Length The cost of construction of a hill road per kilometer length is comparatively very high. It should therefore be ensured that length of the road connecting two stations should be minimum possible, adopting … Read more
Selection of Material for D.P.C. Any materials to be used as D.P.C must possess following properties. They should be impervious strong and durable to register loads dimensional is stable free from Salt Lake sulfates chlorides and nitrates There are commonly 4 types of materials that can be used at DPC Flexible material (Bitumen felts, plastic … Read more
Dampness in Building Dampness in building is one of the important aspects to consider during building design. Because if neglected, it will affect the building structure adversely and will create unhygienic condition for the persons living in that building. 3 Primary Causes of Dampness in Building Penetration of water into the building components (such as … Read more
Pipes for Water Supply System Pipes which are commonly used in water supply system are given below. Cast Iron (CI) Pipes Steel Pipes Galvanized Iron (GI) Pipes Copper Pipes Plastic or Polythene or PVC pipes Asbestos Cement (AC) Pipes Concrete Pipes 1. Cast Iron Pipes These pipes are most commonly used in water distribution system … Read more
Technical Terms Used in C.P.M [Critical Path Method] The following technical terms need be understood clearly before constructing the CPM network 1. Activity An activity is a part of the project denoted by an arrow on the network. The tail of the arrow indicates the start of the activity whereas the head indicates the end … Read more
Economy in Formwork Construction The total cost of concrete construction work includes the cost of formwork also. Construction of formwork involves considerable expenditure in terms of cost of material, cost of labour for fabrication, erection and removal of formwork and time element. In case of buildings, the cost of formwork may range between 30 to … Read more
Factors Affecting Selection of Floor Tiles There are so many alternative types of tiles for floors and we must choose the type of tile to be used with great care. The appearance of a finished building will be very much influenced by the flooring material used and at the same time, the floor material should … Read more
Placing of Concrete in Hot Weather For normal concreting operations the temperature of concrete should vary between 150C to 250C to enable it to attain its full ultimate strength within 28 days. In case concreting is carried out in extreme hot weather conditions, the rate of hydration of cement gets accelerated and the water in … Read more
Main fire protection requirements for multi-storied buildings can be summarized as under. 1. Structure The structural framework can be in R.C.C or steel. In case of steel structure, it will be necessary to encase the structural components by tiles, concrete or bricks. The fire resistance of load bearing walls, columns and beams should not be … Read more