Protection of Masonry During Construction It is necessary to protect masonry during construction when the mortar is green or when masonry has not been laterally supported, against damage due to rain, frost, storm, etc. It is also necessary to protect some vulnerable parts of masonry such as jambs, corners and sills and expose masonry, during … Read more
AN INSIGHT TO CONCRETE RAMPS FOR BUILDINGS Ramps are of great importance in any high-rise building. Ramps provide safe access to the building for heavy materials such as heavy machineries. In many countries the construction of a ramp in a building is made compulsory by law abiding bodies to provide safe and convenient access to … Read more
What Is Volume Batching of Concrete? Batching of concrete means measuring different ingredients of concrete (i.e. cement, sand, coarse aggregate and water) before mixing it. When this measurement is done on the basis of volume, we call it Volume Batching. Below are mentioned some of important points to remember before adopting volume batching method in … Read more
Needle Vibrator These concrete vibrators are also referred to as poker or immersion vibrator. These are extensively used in building industry. A needle vibrator consists of a cylindrical casing made of steel and is vibrated by means of a flexible drive with an outer tube run from an operating machine which can be run by … Read more
Comparison between Ordinary & Performance Graded Binders The primary differences between ordinary graded binder and performance graded binder is given in the following table Ordinary Graded Binders Performance Graded Binders Binders are graded either based upon penetration or viscosity Binders are graded based upon pavement temperature, which are close to in service conditions of pavements … Read more
Factors Affecting Quality of Topographic Survey Topographic surveyors perform most of their operational duties away from the parent unit. Topographic surveying involves fieldwork over a project area. Survey fieldwork consists of making observations and measurements; recording data; and returning the data to a computer and/or draftsman for computation, compilation, and dissemination. Surveyors must overcome many … Read more
Types of Limes Different types of limes are used for building construction. It is not generally found in the free state. Lime is a product which is obtained by burning lime stone, a raw material, found in lime stone hills or lime stone boulders in the beds of old river, kankar found below ground level, … Read more
Building Finishes Building finishes such as plastering, varnishing, dis-tempering, white-washing, coloring, etc basically perform two functions as pointed below. They give a protective coating to the surfaces which protects them from weather effects such as rain water, frost, heat etc, and They provide decorative effects which add to the appearance of the surfaces and building … Read more
Unit Weight/Dead Weight of Construction Materials The tables given below give the unit weight or dead weight of some common construction material that is used by designer while computing load related calculation. 1. Bituminous Substance Item Weight (kg/m3) Anthracite coal 1550 Peat (dry) 560 to 640 Charcoal (light) 300 Coke 1000 Graphite 500 Crude oil … Read more
Basic Unit Conversion Tables Some of the useful and common unit conversion tables used by civil engineers to convert Metric and FPS units are given below. 1. Length FPS TO METRIC METRIC TO FPS 1 in 2.54 cm 1 cm 0.393701 in 1 ft 30.48 cm 1 m 3.28084 ft 1 yd 0.09144 m 1 … Read more