Repair of Cracks in Reinforced Concrete Beams & Columns The primary cause of corrosion of steel in concrete is due to carbonation or due to chloride. Corrosion is electro-chemical process which results in formation of rust. The volume of rust formed due to steel corrosion is more than the volume of original steel. This increase … Read more
Scaffolding Scaffolding is a temporary rigid structure made of still, bamboo or timber. The primary aim of constructing a scaffold is to create a platform on which mason can work at different heights. Scaffolds also help to lift materials for the immediate uses at different heights. Common Types of Scaffolding The following 4 types of … Read more
Corrosion of Concrete Reinforcement Corrosion is a chemical process of destruction of material because of its reaction with the environmental conditions. The most predominant among various factors of corrosion is the atmospheric corrosion which causes the rusting of steel. Appreciable corrosion only starts when the relative humidity of the air exceeds around 65%. In dry, … Read more
Recommended Procedures for Concrete Inspection The following procedures have been found worthwhile, to enhance the probability of carrying out the intent of the designs and specifications on a large variety of projects. This results in a completed facility that will properly ensure the purpose for which it is intended, at minimum maintenance cost. The purpose … Read more
What is A Gabion? A gabion is a netted (wire mesh) box (Fig-1) filled with aggregate material – compatible with the size of the net mesh – serving as gravity units forming retaining structures. It provides a means to contain such aggregates of small and diverse sizes which cannot be used to construct gravity retaining … Read more
Measurement of Soil Compaction in the Field It is necessary in many instances to know the wet/dry densities of the soil in the field, especially before planning activities such as compaction. The same becomes particularly important in instances such as the construction of earth dams, embankments etc. to control the field compaction, that is, to … Read more
Moisture content – Dry Density Relationship At a given input of compaction energy there exists a relationship between moisture content or water content and dry density, which is of the form shown in Fig-1. On the dry side, the added water creates a coating of a thin film of water on the surface of the … Read more
Piled Raft Foundation Between the geotechnical design parameters of bearing capacity and settlement, which are independent, if the design just satisfies bearing capacity, settlement will be over satisfied (i.e. settlement less than permissible), and vice versa, if the design satisfies settlement, bearing capacity will be over satisfied (i.e. factor of safety against bearing capacity failure … Read more
Dynamic Compaction of Soil The method can be used to improve all types of non-cohesive soils, mixed soil or those with limited amounts of cohesive material, as well as landfill sites such as waste dumps or spoil tips. There are also many instances of refuse and industrial waste dumps which have been successfully treated by … Read more
Leaning Tower of Pisa The Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy is perhaps the most famous tower structure in the world, thanks to its lean (nearly 5.50 out of plumb – Fig-1) which makes it a great international tourist attraction. When the lean started becoming progressive and excessive, threatening its very survival, a geotechnical engineering … Read more