Types of Doors Based on Material of Manufacture There are large varieties of doors and windows which can either be manufactured or are available in the market for ready fixing. Based on the material of manufacture, some of their types along with their main feature, advantages and disadvantages are given here to facilitate easy selection … Read more
Types of Flooring Tiles Flooring Tiles in India have over the years gained popularity over the cemented and concrete flooring Tiles are available in different patterns, designs and utility options. Usually they are costlier than the cement concrete flooring and its cost depends upon the type of tile being used. Various types of flooring tiles … Read more
A pile is a slender, structural member installed in the ground to transfer the structural loads to soils at some significant depth below the base of the structure. Structural loads include axial loads, lateral loads, and moments. Another term commonly used in practice for pile foundations is deep foundations. Structures that cannot be supported economically … Read more
Types of Bearing Capacity Failures A bearing capacity failure is defined as a foundation failure that occurs when the shear stresses in the soil exceed the shear strength of the soil. Bearing capacity failures of foundations can be grouped into three categories, as follows: 1. General Shear Failure As shown in Fig-1, a general shear … Read more
Walls are built to partition living area into different parts. They impart privacy and protection against temperature, rain and theft. Depending upon their functions, Walls may be classified into the following two primary classes Load bearing walls Partition walls. 1. Load Bearing Walls If beams and columns are not used, load from roof and floors … Read more
Bitumen is defined as “A viscous liquid, or a solid, consisting essentially of hydrocarbons and their derivatives, which is soluble in trichloro-ethyelene and is substantially nonvolatile and softens gradually when heated”. It is black or brown in colour & possesses waterproofing and adhesive properties. It is obtained by refinery processes from petroleum, and is also … Read more
Repair of Ceiling Plaster There are many cases where the steel reinforcements corrode due to various causes such as lack of cover, leakage of roofs, etc. As steel rust occupies very much larger volume (more than 10 times) than steel, the surrounding concrete cracks and tends to get separated from steel and finally it falls … Read more
In order to determine the suitability of a particular soil it is essential to know the proportion of each material in the soil and also whether the particular material possesses the properties required of it. For instance, a road soil that is 95 percent sand will not cohere, and clay that does not possess the … Read more
Many factors operate singly or in combination to influence the amounts of water consumed by plants. Their effects are not necessarily constant, but the factors may differ with locality and water consumption may fluctuate from year to year. Some effects involve the human factor; others are related to the natural influences of the environment and … Read more
Consumptive Use of Water Consumptive use of water by a crop is the depth of water consumed by the plant in the process of transpiration and evaporation, during crop growth. Transpiration is the process of water entering the plant roots and used to build plant tissue. Evaporation is the process of water evaporating from the … Read more