Main fire protection requirements for multi-storied buildings can be summarized as under. 1. Structure The structural framework can be in R.C.C or steel. In case of steel structure, it will be necessary to encase the structural components by tiles, concrete or bricks. The fire resistance of load bearing walls, columns and beams should not be … Read more
Yield of Concrete There are various factors which affect the yield of concrete for a given proportion of concrete ingredients, such as Water-cement ratio Size of aggregate Method of compaction etc. Yield of concrete simply means the actual volume of concrete produced when a given proportion of concrete ingredients are mixed in a certain manner. … Read more
What is CPM Critical path method (CPM) was developed in USA in 1957 by Morgann E. Walker and James Kelley. This method was first used for planning and scheduling the construction of a new chemical plant by DU pont. Later this method was used for scheduling the overhaul and maintenance for shut down of equipment … Read more
Causes of Paint Failure The failure of paint job on wall or wooden members or structural steelwork is not uncommon. The paint job, though an easy job, has peculiarities of its own. At the same time, a failed paint job involves substantial expenditure by way of scraping the old paint, repairing the surface and cost … Read more
What is Roominess? The effect produced by deriving the maximum benefit from the minimum dimensions of a room is termed as roominess. Roominess is hence the accomplishment of economy of space without cramping of the plan. Particularly in case of residential buildings where considerable storage space is needed for various purposes, adequate provision for wall … Read more
Concrete Placing Precautions The concrete, as it comes out of the mixer or as it is ready for use on the platform, is to be transported and placed on the formwork. Following precautions should be taken during placing of concrete. The formwork or the surface which is to receive the fresh concrete should be properly … Read more
Concrete for long have been specified by nominal mixes (mixes of fixed proportions which ensure adequate strength) and were arbitrarily applied with little regard to the required strength of concrete with water added to ensure workability. But for mixes of desired strength the three variable factors to be considered are: Water cement ratio and consistency … Read more
Vibrators are commonly used as a way of compacting concrete on site. In case of vibration, compacting gets effected by reduction in internal friction between various particles of concrete due to oscillation of particles which results in a dense and compact mass of concrete. Vibrations can either be Produced in the interior of the concrete … Read more
For economic consideration, the depth at which the foundation is located (i.e. Df) is kept as small as possible. Typically it is in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 m below the ground surface for buildings that do not have a basement. For those building having a basement, Df can be 3.5 m or more. … Read more
Foundations are the mainstay of house construction as the stability and the performance of the structure above is dependent on it. The main design parameters for consideration in this respect are the depth and width of the foundation. Whereas depth of foundation is a function of the ‘Safe Bearing Capacity’ (SBC) of soil at a … Read more
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