VOLUME BATCHING OF CONCRETE – THEORY & EXAMPLE CALCULATION

Concrete MIx

What Is Volume Batching of Concrete? Batching of concrete means measuring different ingredients of concrete (i.e. cement, sand, coarse aggregate and water) before mixing it. When this measurement is done on the basis of volume, we call it Volume Batching. Below are mentioned some of important points to remember before adopting volume batching method in … Read more

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ORDINARY AND PERFORMANCE GRADED BINDERS?

Bitumen properties

Comparison between Ordinary & Performance Graded Binders The primary differences between ordinary graded binder and performance graded binder is given in the following table Ordinary Graded Binders Performance Graded Binders Binders are graded either based upon penetration or viscosity Binders are graded based upon pavement temperature, which are close to in service conditions of pavements … Read more

SHEAR STRENGTH TEST OF SOIL – ADVANTAGES, LIMITATIONS & APPLICABILITY

Types of soil shear test based on drainage condition

Shear Strength Test of Soil The choice of appropriate shear strength tests for a particular project depends on the soil type, whether the parameters will be used in a total or effective stress analysis, and the relative importance of the structure. Common laboratory tests include direct shear, triaxial, unconfined compression, and laboratory vane shear test. … Read more

4 DIFFERENT TYPES OF LIMES USED IN CONSTRUCTION

Types of Limes

Types of Limes Different types of limes are used for building construction. It is not generally found in the free state. Lime is a product which is obtained by burning lime stone, a raw material, found in lime stone hills or lime stone boulders in the beds of old river, kankar found below ground level, … Read more

UNIT WEIGHT OF COMMON CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

unit weight of construction materials

Unit Weight/Dead Weight of Construction Materials The tables given below give the unit weight or dead weight of some common construction material that is used by designer while computing load related calculation. 1. Bituminous Substance Item Weight (kg/m3) Anthracite coal 1550 Peat (dry) 560 to 640 Charcoal (light) 300 Coke 1000 Graphite 500 Crude oil … Read more

HOW TO DO FLOW TABLE TEST FOR CEMENT MORTAR?

Flow Table Test for Cement Mortar The flow table test of cement mortar is done only to calculate the amount of water required for gauging for conducting strength test of masonry cement and for drying shrinkage test of cement. It also gives us some idea on the workability of cement mortar. The amount of water … Read more

4 DIFFERENT FORMS OF BITUMEN USED IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION

Bitumen properties

Different Forms of Bitumen 1. Cutback Bitumen Normal practice is to heat bitumen to reduce its viscosity. In some situations preference is given to use liquid binders such as cutback bitumen. In cutback bitumen suitable solvent is used to lower the viscosity of the bitumen. From the environmental point of view also cutback bitumen is … Read more

HOW TO CLASSIFY SOIL SHEAR TEST AS PER DRAINAGE CONDITION?

Types of soil shear test based on drainage condition

Types of Soil Shear Test Based on Drainage Condition The shear strength parameters in the case of saturated soils depend very much upon the drainage conditions and therefore in the laboratory shear test, the drainage condition expected in the field for a particular problem should be simulated. Based on drainage condition the shear tests are … Read more

HOW TO DO POPPING AND PITTING TEST OF LIME? [IS:6932-Part 10]

Popping and Pitting Test of Lime Objective To determine popping and pitting of lime sample as per IS-6932-part-10 Theory This test is a measure to study the unsoundness of building limes. Popping, pitting and blowing are due to the presence of coarse unslaked or only partially slaked particles. On final slaking, these cause dislodgement of … Read more

TECHNICAL ISSUES RELATED TO HIGHER GRADE TMT BARS

TMT bars

Some Issues in the Usage of Fe- 500 or Higher Grade TMT Steel Bars in Residential Buildings Some contractors report a tendency among few design Engineers to specify Fe-500 or higher grade steel in residential buildings citing its high strength. Customers are advised that if they use Fe 500 or higher grade steel in building … Read more