The process of selecting concrete mixture proportions is a process of optimization of several desirable characteristics based on the project requirements. The characteristics to be optimized are economy, strength, durability, and placeability. 1. Economy. The primary reason for systematically determining mixture proportions is economy. The maximum economy can be achieved by minimizing the amount of … Read more
Rebound Hammer Test The Schmidt rebound hammer is principally a surface hardness tester with little apparent theoretical relationship between the strength of concrete and the rebound number of the hammer. However, within limits, empirical correlations have been established between strength properties and the rebound number. Further, scientist has attempted to establish a correlation between the … Read more
TIPS ON INCREASING REPETITION VALUE TO PLYWOOD There are many reasons to use plywood as a concrete shuttering materials. Out of those reasons one reason is it’s reuse value. But if proper care has not been taken during handling of plywood then it will not give a higher repetition value. So in this video I … Read more
What Is The Effect of Tree Roots on Building? Fast growing trees close to buildings can cause unequal settlement when active tree roots dry out the soil causing differential soil shrinkage. Shrinking clays affect the bearing capacity and lead to movement in the building, especially in shallow foundations. Tree roots can extend over a considerable … Read more
PROPERTIES OF HARDENED CONCRETE The following are the properties of concrete in its hardened state, used by the designer during design process of reinforced concrete structure. 1. Compressive Strength The characteristics strength is defined as the strength of concrete below which not more than 5% of the test results are expected to fall. As per … Read more
Design Procedures for a Building Foundation (Step by Step) Good design must not only be safe but must aim to save construction costs, time and materials. The following procedures should help to achieve this and an ‘educated’ client will recognize the importance of funding this work with a realistic fee. 1. Decide the Location of … Read more
PRACTICAL PROBLEMS TO KEEP IN MIND BEFORE FOUNDATION DESIGN There are, in foundation design, a number of practical construction problems and costs to be considered. The chief ones are: The foundations should be kept as shallow as possible, commensurate with climatic effects on, and strength of, the surface soil; particularly in waterlogged ground. Excavation in … Read more
FIRE RESISTING PROPERTIES OF COMMON BUILDING MTERIALS Fire resisting properties of common building materials such as stone, brick, timber, cast-iron, glass, steel and concrete are mentioned below. 1. STONE The stone is a bad conductor of heat. But it suffers appreciably under the effects of fire. The stone is also liable to disintegrate into small … Read more
CAUSES OF DISINTEGRATION OF CONCRETE The primary reasons that cause disintegration of concrete member are desribed below. 1. SULPHATE ATTACK Soluble sulphates are present in Ground water Soil Clay bricks Soluble sulphates react with Tricalcium Aluminate of cement I n the presence of moisture and form products which occupy much bigger volume than that of … Read more
Minimising Defects in Plastering Work Defects in plastering work can be minimised by following the below mentioned techniques. The brick and plastering work should be carried out by skilled masons in the best workmanship manner. Bond of brick work should be properly maintained. Efflorescence is removed by rubbing brushes on the damaged surface. A solution … Read more
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