HOW TO CALCULATE BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOUNDATION IN SAND FROM SPT VALUES OR N-VALUES (IS-6403)

Step-by-Step Procedure for Calculation of Bearing Capacity from Standard Penetration Test Values or N-values Step-1 Perform standard penetration test on the location for which you want to calculate bearing capacity. This is done as per standard procedure given in IS-2131. Standard penetration test must be done at every 75 cm in vertical direction. Step-2 Decide … Read more

HOW TO DECIDE MAXIMUM SIZE OF COARSE AGGREGATE TO BE USED IN CONCRETE?

how to decide maximum size of aggregate to be

For the same strength or workability, concrete with large size aggregate will require lesser quantity of cement than concrete with a smaller size aggregate. In a mass concrete work the use of larger size aggregate will be useful due to the lesser consumption of cement. This will also reduce the heat of hydration and the … Read more

HOW TO PERFORM PLATE LOAD TEST OF SOIL ON SITE?

Fig-1 (Plate Load Test Setup)

Objective To perform plate load test to obtain a load-settlement curve of a soil at a particular depth so as to estimate the ultimate bearing capacity a foundation. Apparatus Test plate of square size (300 mm or 450 mm or 600 mm or 750 mm) Hydraulic jack (50 T capacity) Hydraulic pump (50 T capacity) … Read more

HOW TO REPAIR CONCRETE SURFACE? (DRY PACK METHOD)

Concrete repair using dry pack method

This method is used for repairing holes having a depth nearly equal to greater than the least surface dimension, i.e. for any holes and narrow slots cut for the repair of cracks. This method is not used for shallow depressions; for filling patches where reinforcement is exposed or holes which extend through and through wall … Read more

HOW TO CALCULATE PILE LOAD CAPACITY? (STATIC ANALYSIS)

pile load capacity- static analysis

The ultimate bearing capacity of a pile is the maximum load which it can carry without failure or excessive settlement of the ground. The bearing capacity of a pile depends primarily on 3 factors as given below, Type of soil through which pile is embedded Method of pile installation Pile dimension (cross section & length … Read more

HOW TO CLASSIFY ROCKS? (ENGINEERING CLASSIFICATION OF INTACT ROCK)

Engineering classification of rock

This method of rock classification was introduced by Deer & Miller in the year 1996. Two parameters are considered while classifying rocks on this method, which are Uniaxial compressive strength Modulus of elasticity Step by Step Method to Classify Rock Based on Engineering Parameters) This method of rock classification consists of 3 steps, as given … Read more

HOW TO FIND VOLUME OF CONCRETE PRODUCED PER BAG OF CEMENT?

volume of concrete produced per bag of cement

Aim To determine volume of concrete per bag of cement, where nominal maximum size of aggregate does not exceed 38 mm. Apparatus Balance – Sensitive to 0.01 kg Tamping bar – Length 38 cm, Weight 1.8 kg Cylindrical mould – Dia = 250 mm, Height = 280 mm, Capacity = 0.01m3 Procedure Step-1 (Measuring Volume … Read more

CRAZING ON CONCRETE SURFACE – WHAT, WHY & HOW?

Crazing on concrete surface - What, Why & How

What is Crazing on Concrete Surface? Crazing is the development of fine shallow hair cracks on create surface. Due to crazing the surface appearance of concrete looks not so pleasing. This may appear within few day after curing or sometimes after a longer periods. These cracks do not penetrate deep onto the concrete and do … Read more