No single stone can satisfy all the below mentioned quality requirements. For example, strength and durability requirement contradicts ease of dressing requirement. Hence it is necessary that site engineer looks into the properties required for the intended work and selects the stone accordingly. Requirements of Good Building Stones The following are the quality requirements of … Read more
Honeycomb Repair in Concrete Surface Honeycomb and larger surface voids require procedures resembling those for typical concrete repairs. But there’s nothing typical about the recommended approaches to repairing these voids. They vary greatly. While repairing voids or honeycomb in concrete surface, the most common question that arises is what should be the thickness of the … Read more
Objective To determine the Flexural Strength of Concrete, which comes into play when a road slab with inadequate sub-grade support is subjected to wheel loads and / or there are volume changes due to temperature / shrinking. Reference Standards IS: 516-1959 – Methods of tests for strength of concrete Equipment & Apparatus Beam mould of size … Read more
Concrete structures which are subjected to freezing and thawing are likely to deteriorate earlier. Structures which are mostly affected under similar climatic conditions due to freezing and thawing are the exposed surfaces of the top 60 cm of walls, piers, parapets, cornices etc. the durability of such structures can be improved by adopting certain weather … Read more
Theory The bond strength is the measure of the effectiveness of the grip between concrete and steel and has no standard quantitative definition. In pull out tests on plain bars, the maximum load generally represents the bond strength that can be developed between concrete and steel. With plain bars the maximum load is not very … Read more
WBM Road Construction Procedure Construction of water bound macadam road involves the following 6 basic steps as given below. Preparation of sub-grade Preparation of sub-base Preparation of base Preparation of wearing course Preparation of shoulders Opening to traffic Step – 1 (Construction of Sub-grade) Sub-grade act as a cushion for other layers i.e. In order … Read more
Effect of Shrinkage on Concrete Structure When concrete structures are not permanently water-saturated, it starts to lose moisture and starts to shrink from the time when the process of curing ceases. The structural effects of shrinkage area as follow. 1. Joints Shrinkage of concrete between movement joints causes joints to open or makes it wider. … Read more
Qualities of Good Timber Good timber should have the following qualities 1. Hardness A good quality timber should be hard enough to resist deterioration. 2. Strength It should have sufficient strength to resist heavy structural loads. 3. Toughness It should have enough toughness to resist shocks due to vibrations. It should not break in bending … Read more
Requirements of Good Stairs A good stair should provide an easy, quick and safe mode of communication between the various floors of the building. General requirements of good stairs are as mentioned below. 1. Location It should preferably be located centrally, ensuring sufficient light and ventilation. 2. Width of Stair The width of stairs for … Read more
Different Classes of Urban Roads The urban road are classified as under Express way Arterial streets Sub-arterial streets Collector streets Local streets 1. Expressways The city roads which are reserved for motor traffic with full or partial control access and are provided with grade separation at intersections are called expressways. These are generally constructed to … Read more