Economy in Formwork Construction The total cost of concrete construction work includes the cost of formwork also. Construction of formwork involves considerable expenditure in terms of cost of material, cost of labour for fabrication, erection and removal of formwork and time element. In case of buildings, the cost of formwork may range between 30 to … Read more
Factors Affecting Selection of Floor Tiles There are so many alternative types of tiles for floors and we must choose the type of tile to be used with great care. The appearance of a finished building will be very much influenced by the flooring material used and at the same time, the floor material should … Read more
Strength and Modulus of Weathered Rock from SPT Values In the weathered rock it is difficult to drive the split sampler to the full specified depth as in soil. Hence we may estimate the strength and elastic modulus values of weathered rock by driving the spt apparatus for a fixed number of blows and find … Read more
Placing of Concrete in Hot Weather For normal concreting operations the temperature of concrete should vary between 150C to 250C to enable it to attain its full ultimate strength within 28 days. In case concreting is carried out in extreme hot weather conditions, the rate of hydration of cement gets accelerated and the water in … Read more
Main fire protection requirements for multi-storied buildings can be summarized as under. 1. Structure The structural framework can be in R.C.C or steel. In case of steel structure, it will be necessary to encase the structural components by tiles, concrete or bricks. The fire resistance of load bearing walls, columns and beams should not be … Read more
Yield of Concrete There are various factors which affect the yield of concrete for a given proportion of concrete ingredients, such as Water-cement ratio Size of aggregate Method of compaction etc. Yield of concrete simply means the actual volume of concrete produced when a given proportion of concrete ingredients are mixed in a certain manner. … Read more
What is CPM Critical path method (CPM) was developed in USA in 1957 by Morgann E. Walker and James Kelley. This method was first used for planning and scheduling the construction of a new chemical plant by DU pont. Later this method was used for scheduling the overhaul and maintenance for shut down of equipment … Read more
Causes of Paint Failure The failure of paint job on wall or wooden members or structural steelwork is not uncommon. The paint job, though an easy job, has peculiarities of its own. At the same time, a failed paint job involves substantial expenditure by way of scraping the old paint, repairing the surface and cost … Read more
What is Roominess? The effect produced by deriving the maximum benefit from the minimum dimensions of a room is termed as roominess. Roominess is hence the accomplishment of economy of space without cramping of the plan. Particularly in case of residential buildings where considerable storage space is needed for various purposes, adequate provision for wall … Read more
Concrete Placing Precautions The concrete, as it comes out of the mixer or as it is ready for use on the platform, is to be transported and placed on the formwork. Following precautions should be taken during placing of concrete. The formwork or the surface which is to receive the fresh concrete should be properly … Read more